TESLA · FOUNDED 2003 · TSLA · CIK 1318605
Tesla Products — Vehicles, Energy, AI / Software, Robotics, and Charging Infrastructure
Tesla started as an electric-vehicle company in 2003 and has since become a multi-category manufacturer whose product line stretches across battery-electric Vehicles, grid-and-residential Energy storage, the in-house AI / Software autonomy stack, the Optimus humanoid robotics program, and the Supercharger charging network. The categories share a single AI substrate (Tesla Vision, the HW-series inference silicon, the Dojo training compute) and a single gigafactory build-out (Fremont, Shanghai, Berlin, and Gigafactory Texas in Austin), which is why the company describes itself in its FY2025 10-K as designing, developing, manufacturing, leasing, and selling “high-performance fully electric vehicles, solar energy generation and energy storage products,” and developing “autonomous driving and artificial intelligence technologies and robotics.” Sourced from the FY2025 10-K business section and contemporaneous reporting. Tesla's own product pages on tesla.com are linked throughout but are protected by an Akamai challenge that prevents the build pipeline from parsing them directly.
Sibling pages: Tesla Financials · Tesla Leadership · Tesla Customers · Roster row: Tesla on /orgs/.
How Tesla's five product categories relate
Gigafactories (Fremont, Shanghai, Berlin, Austin, and the Megafactory in Lathrop, California for grid-scale storage) produce the Vehicles, the Energy products, and — per Tesla's April 2026 Q1 earnings commentary — eventually Optimus. The same neural-network stack that powers Autopilot and Full Self-Driving (Supervised) in Vehicles is the substrate Tesla intends to extend to Optimus. The HW-series custom inference silicon (HW3 / HW4 and the announced HW5 / “AI5”) runs that stack in-vehicle and is planned to run it in Optimus. Dojo and Tesla's Nvidia GPU clusters train the networks. The Supercharger network and its SAE J3400 NACS open standard are the charging infrastructure layer that sells Vehicle charging back to Tesla customers and, since 2024, to most other North-American EV makers.
Diagram caption: gigafactories (bottom) produce Vehicles, Energy, and — per Tesla's own framing — will produce Optimus at the Fremont and Gigafactory-Texas production lines being installed through 2026. The Autopilot and Full Self-Driving (Supervised) autonomy stack runs on HW-series in-vehicle inference silicon, and Tesla has stated Optimus will share that AI substrate via the next-generation “AI5” chip. Dojo and Tesla's Nvidia GPU clusters train those networks. The Supercharger network sits to the right as the charging-infrastructure layer; since Tesla open-spec'd the connector as the North American Charging Standard (SAE J3400) in November 2022, almost every other North-American EV maker has adopted it.
Category 1 · Vehicles · First shipped 2008
Vehicles
The Vehicles line is the category Tesla started with and is still the bulk of company revenue. The FY2025 10-K describes the company as designing, manufacturing, and selling “high-performance fully electric vehicles,” and breaks segment revenue into Automotive (the Vehicles line plus regulatory-credit sales), Energy generation and storage, and Services and other. Eight named vehicle products span the line as of 2026. Sub-sections below are in chronological order of first shipment, which is also Tesla's order of company-historical priority.
Model S
What it is
A four-door full-size battery-electric sedan, originally developed under the “WhiteStar” codename starting around 2007 and assembled at the Tesla Fremont Factory from June 2012. The Model S is the car that established Tesla as a viable EV manufacturer; it shipped in volume before the Model X, Model 3, or Model Y, and the 2021 refresh introduced the three-motor Plaid trim and the yoke steering wheel. Per the Wikipedia summary, Tesla announced in January 2026 that the Model S would be discontinued alongside the Model X, and production ended in April 2026.
When it shipped
June 2012 (full-size sedan, Fremont Factory). Production ended April 2026.
How it relates to the others
Shares roughly 30% of its components with the Model X. Tesla Autopilot first shipped as a partial-automation driver-assistance system on Model S in 2015, which is the lineage that became today's Autopilot + Full Self-Driving (Supervised) stack described under AI / Software below. The Model S 2021 refresh and the Plaid trim were the high-water mark of Tesla's “flagship halo car” phase before the Model 3 and Model Y took over the volume story.
Model X
What it is
A battery-electric mid-size luxury crossover SUV developed off the Model S platform and built at Fremont from September 2015. Distinctive falcon-wing rear doors. A 2021 refresh added a Plaid performance trim; a June 2025 refresh added a front-bumper camera, new wheel designs, increased third-row space, and adaptive headlights, matching the Model S refresh that shipped at the same time. Tesla announced the Model X would be discontinued alongside the Model S in January 2026.
When it shipped
September 2015. 2021 refresh added Plaid trim. June 2025 refresh added camera-and-wheels updates. Discontinuation announced January 2026.
How it relates to the others
~30% component share with the Model S. The falcon-wing doors and the third-row seat layout are the visible per-product differentiators; the Autopilot + Full Self-Driving (Supervised) stack and the HW-series in-vehicle inference silicon are the same as on every other Tesla.
Model 3
What it is
A mid-size battery-electric sedan with a fastback body style introduced in 2017 as Tesla's first lower-priced volume car. Per the Wikipedia summary, the Model 3 was the world's top-selling plug-in electric car from 2018 through 2020 before being passed by the Model Y, and in June 2021 became the first electric car to pass 1 million in cumulative global sales. The “Highland” facelift — revamped interior and exterior styling — rolled out in late 2023 from Gigafactory Shanghai and in early 2024 from the Fremont Factory.
When it shipped
2017. Highland refresh: late 2023 (Shanghai) / early 2024 (Fremont). Treated by Tesla as a refresh of the existing Model 3, not a new model variant.
How it relates to the others
The Model 3 and Model Y share ~76% of their parts (per the Model Y Wikipedia summary) and roughly identical exterior and interior styling. Both run the same Autopilot + Full Self-Driving (Supervised) software stack and HW-series inference silicon. The Highland refresh and the Model Y “Juniper” refresh shipped in adjacent quarters and share many of the same interior changes.
Model Y
What it is
A compact crossover SUV built off the Model 3 platform, presented in March 2019 and starting production at Fremont in January 2020. Per the Wikipedia summary, the Model Y is the best-selling electric vehicle of all time with over 2.16 million units shipped worldwide; in 2023 it was the world's best-selling vehicle of any drivetrain, surpassing the Toyota Corolla. A refreshed “Juniper” Model Y was revealed in January 2025 with upgrades similar to the Model 3 Highland. In mid 2025 Tesla added the Model Y L, a long-wheelbase six-seat variant.
When it shipped
January 2020 (Fremont). Shanghai production added December 2020; Gigafactory Texas late 2021; Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg March 2022. Juniper refresh January 2025. Model Y L mid 2025.
How it relates to the others
Built off the Model 3 chassis, with ~76% parts overlap and shared styling. Model Y is the workhorse of the Vehicles line; it runs the same FSD / HW-series stack as every other Tesla and is the vehicle Tesla pointed to in May 2026 when, per the Autopilot Wikipedia summary, the NHTSA said recent Model Ys were the first cars to pass the agency's new benchmark for advanced driver-assistance systems.
Semi
What it is
A battery-electric Class 8 semi-trailer truck powered by three motors, available in 325-mile and 500-mile rated configurations and able to haul a 45,000-lb (~20.4-tonne) load. Two concepts were unveiled in November 2017; production began at low volume in October 2022 with initial deliveries to PepsiCo in December 2022 before stalling. Volume production at a new facility adjacent to Giga Nevada started on April 29, 2026, with planned capacity of 50,000 Semis per year.
When it shipped
2022 (low-volume; PepsiCo). Volume production April 29, 2026 (Giga Nevada-adjacent facility).
How it relates to the others
Tesla's only commercial-vehicle product; everything else in the Vehicles line is a passenger car or pickup. Megapack-class battery is shared in concept (large lithium-ion pack architecture) but the Semi pack is purpose-built for the chassis. Charges on Megacharger stalls (a Semi-specific variant of the Supercharger architecture); is not a typical V3 / V4 Supercharger client.
Cybertruck
What it is
A full-size battery-electric pickup truck with angular, flat, unpainted stainless-steel body panels, originally unveiled as a concept on November 21, 2019. Per the Wikipedia summary, customer deliveries began at a launch event at Gigafactory Texas on November 30, 2023, after multiple delays. As of 2026 two trims are sold: a dual-motor all-wheel-drive (350-mile EPA range) and a tri-motor “Cyberbeast” AWD (320-mile range). The previously-planned single-motor RWD trim was sold briefly as the “Long Range” configuration before being discontinued in September 2025. Distinctive engineering features include a steer-by-wire system, an 816 V structural battery pack with 4680 cells, 48-volt low-voltage architecture, and vehicle-to-load (V2L) and vehicle-to-home (V2H) AC output of up to 11.5 kW.
When it shipped
November 30, 2023 (customer deliveries from Gigafactory Texas). Wikipedia summarizes a recall affecting 46,096 vehicles produced prior to February 27, 2025, which is the most concrete public production-volume reference point through that date. As of late 2025 and in 2026, Tesla expanded sales to South Korea, Qatar, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia.
How it relates to the others
Uses the same Autopilot + Full Self-Driving (Supervised) software as the Model 3 / Y / S / X, but on a purpose-built 800-V architecture (versus the 400-V architecture in other Tesla vehicles). The structural-pack architecture and the 4680 cells are technologies that originated in Cybertruck and are being propagated to other vehicles over time. Cybertruck Powershare (the V2H mode) integrates with the Powerwall and Tesla Gateway products in the Energy category.
Cybercab
What it is
A two-passenger battery-electric self-driving car designed to anchor the Tesla Robotaxi service. Per the Wikipedia summary, a concept version was unveiled at the “We, Robot” event held October 10, 2024 at Warner Bros. Studios Burbank, California, where 20 prototypes provided short rides to attendees. The vehicle has no steering wheel and no pedals; cargo opens via a hatchback; the production design is planned to support inductive charging with efficiency above 90%. Tesla announced the first Cybercab production vehicle had been produced at Gigafactory Texas in February 2026, with test units spotted on public roads in Silicon Valley and Austin shortly thereafter. The Cybercab is unusual in being both a vehicle product and an autonomy-service deployment vehicle — see the AI / Software section below for the FSD context.
When it shipped
February 2026 (first production vehicle off the line at Gigafactory Texas). At the time of writing (May 2026), pre-volume production with frequent test cycles on public roads in Silicon Valley and Austin; crash-testing among the final validation steps before the larger production ramp.
How it relates to the others
The Cybercab is the Vehicle product most tightly coupled to the AI / Software stack: it has no manual controls, so it depends entirely on the Autopilot + Full Self-Driving (Supervised) substrate that Tesla has been shipping on Model 3 / Y / S / X / Cybertruck for years. Tesla has framed the Cybercab as the dedicated “Robotaxi” vehicle for the autonomy-service product; per the October 2024 investor call, the long-term annual production goal is 2 million Cybercabs per year when several factories run at full design capacity.
Roadster (next generation)
What it is
A planned four-seater battery-electric sports car, successor to the original 2008 Tesla Roadster (Tesla's first production car). Per the Wikipedia summary, the next-gen Roadster was unveiled as a concept prototype in November 2017 with claims of 0-to-60-mph in 1.9 seconds; production was originally set to start in 2020 but has been delayed multiple times. In November 2025, Tesla CEO Elon Musk said production would begin in 2027 or 2028, with higher-performance trims planned beyond the base specification.
When it shipped
Not yet. The most recent public framing is the November 2025 statement targeting 2027 or 2028 for production start. Mungomash does not surface ship dates for unannounced future products and treats this as “in development.”
How it relates to the others
The Roadster is the Vehicle product furthest from current production. Public technical disclosures (acceleration figures, “SpaceX package” cold-gas thrusters) are concept-event claims and have not yet been corroborated by a shipping unit. Cross-link to the financials page's capex commentary on next-generation-vehicle line capex when that page ships.
Category 2 · Energy generation and storage · First shipped 2015
Energy
Tesla Energy is a separate reportable segment in the company's 10-K (Energy generation and storage). Four product lines: residential battery storage (Powerwall), grid-scale battery storage (Megapack), integrated solar shingles (Solar Roof), and third-party-manufactured solar panels (Solar Panels). The Megapack is the storage product driving the energy-segment growth narrative; deployments grew from 6.5 GWh in 2022 to 31.4 GWh in 2024 per contemporaneous reporting.
Powerwall
What it is
A rechargeable lithium-ion battery stationary home-energy-storage product, used for solar self-consumption, time-of-use load shifting, and backup power. Three generations to date: Powerwall 1 (announced April 30, 2015; 6.4 kWh; pilot units 2015), Powerwall 2 (unveiled October 2016; 13.5 kWh; later versions rated 5.8 kW continuous and 10 kW peak; discontinued November 15, 2025 per the Wikipedia summary), and Powerwall 3 (rollout September 2023; 11.5 kW continuous and 30 kW peak; integrated solar inverter; LFP chemistry). The one-millionth Powerwall was installed in 2025.
When it shipped
2015 (Powerwall 1, pilot). Early 2017 (Powerwall 2, mass production at Giga Nevada). September 2023 (Powerwall 3).
How it relates to the others
Cells share lineage with the Vehicles line (2170 cell production for Powerwall 2 began at Giga Nevada in January 2017; Powerwall 3 uses LFP cells aligned with the broader Tesla LFP supply chain). Powerwall 3's integrated inverter eliminates the separate Tesla Solar Inverter SKU. Powerwall integrates with the Cybertruck's V2H Powershare mode and with the Tesla Gateway for whole-home backup.
Megapack
What it is
A utility-scale battery storage product, sized roughly like an intermodal shipping container, designed for battery storage power stations and grid-scale deployments by electric utilities. Per the Wikipedia summary, Megapack launched in July 2019 and can store up to 3.9 MWh per unit; newer Megapack 3 units are 5 MWh. Megapacks are manufactured at the Megafactory in Lathrop, California (target 40 GWh/year when finished), the Megafactory in Shanghai (started low-rate initial production late 2024; goal ~10,000 packs per year), and an announced new Megafactory in Houston, Texas using LG cells. Recent next-generation Megapacks use LFP cells; suppliers include CATL and LG Energy Solution. On September 8, 2025, Tesla announced the “Megablock,” a late-2026 product consisting of up to four Megapack 3 units with a transformer and switchgear (~20 MWh total).
When it shipped
July 2019. Combined storage delivery (Powerwall + Megapack) was 6.5 GWh in 2022, 14.7 GWh in 2023, and 31.4 GWh in 2024 per the cited Wikipedia summary citing Tesla disclosures.
How it relates to the others
Cell chemistry and manufacturing share with the broader Tesla LFP supply chain. Megapacks have been installed at Tesla Supercharger stations with solar canopies to smooth grid demand and use stored energy during peak hours, which links the Energy and Charging-Infrastructure categories operationally. Notable deployments include the 300 MW / 450 MWh Victorian Big Battery (Geelong, Australia; commissioned December 2021), the 182.5 MW / 730 MWh PG&E Moss Landing system (Monterey County, California), and Saint John Energy (Canada). Customer-roster detail belongs on the future Tesla Customers page.
Solar Roof
What it is
A residential roofing product where the roof shingles themselves are photovoltaic glass tiles. Unveiled October 2016 at Universal Studios' Colonial Street backlot alongside Powerwall 2; produced in partnership with Panasonic in the early years and at Gigafactory 2 in Buffalo, New York. Sold as a roof-replacement product (versus solar panels, which mount over an existing roof). Tesla's own product framing lives at tesla.com/solarroof (verify next refresh: tesla.com pages are Akamai-walled to the build pipeline).
When it shipped
2016 unveil; volume installations from 2017 onward.
How it relates to the others
Pairs with Powerwall for self-consumption and time-of-use load shifting, and with the Tesla Backup Gateway for whole-home backup. Solar Roof customers are typically also Powerwall customers; the install economics work best as a bundle.
Solar Panels
What it is
Conventional photovoltaic solar panels mounted on top of an existing roof, sold and installed by Tesla. Distinct from Solar Roof, which replaces the roof; Solar Panels are the lower-cost retrofit product. Sold direct via tesla.com.
When it shipped
Tesla's residential solar offering descends from the 2016 acquisition of SolarCity; Solar Panels have been a continuous product offering since.
How it relates to the others
Solar Panels and Solar Roof are alternatives; both pair with Powerwall for solar-plus-storage. The economics of Solar Panels versus Solar Roof depend on the condition of the existing roof and on whether the homeowner is planning to re-roof anyway.
Category 3 · AI / Software · Autopilot since 2014; FSD since 2020
AI / Software
The autonomy stack that Tesla ships on every vehicle it sells. Autopilot is the included partial-automation driver-assistance system; Full Self-Driving (Supervised) is the paid subscription / one-time-purchase option that adds further capability. Tesla Vision is the camera-only architectural approach that replaced radar (and never used lidar). The HW-series silicon is the in-vehicle inference compute. Dojo and Tesla's Nvidia GPU clusters are the training compute. Each is a separable surface but the five are deliberately one architectural story.
Autopilot
What it is
Tesla's standard advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS), corresponding to SAE Level 2 automation. Per the Wikipedia summary, all Tesla vehicles produced after April 2019 include Autopilot, which provides autosteer and traffic-aware cruise control. Continuous driver supervision is required.
When it shipped
2014 (initial Autopilot hardware on Model S). The hardware has been updated through HW1, HW2, HW2.5, HW3, and HW4 generations since.
How it relates to the others
Autopilot and Full Self-Driving (Supervised) are the same underlying software stack with different feature gates. Both run on the HW-series in-vehicle inference silicon and use the Tesla Vision camera-only architecture. The 2026 Model Y is the first vehicle the NHTSA reported as passing the agency's new ADAS benchmark (May 2026 per the cited Wikipedia summary).
Full Self-Driving (Supervised)
What it is
Tesla's optional subscription / one-time-purchase Level 2 driver-assistance package that adds semi-autonomous navigation on nearly all roads, self-parking, and the ability to summon the car from a parking space. Per the Wikipedia Autopilot summary, as of February 2026 the product is named “Full Self-Driving (Supervised).” The product transitioned to an “end-to-end neural network” architecture with the v12 release in 2024 — prior versions used a hand-engineered planning stack; v12 replaced that planning stack with a single learned model.
When it shipped
2020 (FSD Beta, limited customer rollout). 2024 (v12, end-to-end neural-network architecture). The product has been renamed multiple times: “Full Self-Driving Capability,” “FSD Beta,” and currently “Full Self-Driving (Supervised).” Verify current pricing and version number against tesla.com/autopilot at next refresh.
How it relates to the others
FSD is the higher-capability tier of Autopilot, running on the same hardware. The autonomy stack Tesla ships in Cybercab is the same family of code, modified to run without a driver in the seat. Tesla has stated that the next-generation “AI5” chip (see HW-series below) will run both FSD and Optimus; this is the architectural overlap between the AI / Software category and the Robotics category. Mungomash does not editorialize about FSD's safety record relative to other autonomy stacks; that is out of scope. NHTSA / federal-regulator coverage of FSD belongs on a future /orgs/tesla/lawsuits/ page, not here.
Tesla Vision
What it is
Tesla's architectural decision to use cameras only — no radar, no lidar — for the perception layer of Autopilot and Full Self-Driving (Supervised). Tesla phased radar out of new-build Model 3 and Model Y deliveries in North America starting May 2021, citing accumulating training data showing that vision-only perception outperformed the radar-camera fusion they were running. Subsequent over-the-air updates eventually disabled radar on existing vehicles. Tesla never used lidar.
When it shipped
May 2021 (radar removed from new Model 3 / Y in North America); the architectural commitment to vision-only is the operational substrate of FSD v12.
How it relates to the others
Tesla Vision is the perception substrate for both Autopilot and Full Self-Driving (Supervised), and is the architectural choice that distinguishes Tesla's autonomy approach from peers that rely on lidar and high-definition map prior data. Cross-link from any future autonomy-architecture writeup elsewhere on Mungomash.
HW-series inference silicon (HW3 / HW4 / “AI5”)
What it is
Tesla's custom in-vehicle inference compute. HW3 (the Tesla “Full Self-Driving Computer”) shipped in vehicles from April 2019, replacing the Nvidia-Drive-based HW2.5 that preceded it. HW4 shipped on new vehicles from 2023 and added additional camera channels, more inference throughput, and architectural changes. Per Tesla's April 2026 Q1 earnings commentary, the next-generation chip is branded “AI5” (Tesla's marketing label; sometimes referred to as HW5 in coverage) and is intended to run in both FSD-equipped vehicles and Optimus. Verify the current HW generation against tesla.com/autopilot at next refresh.
When it shipped
2019 (HW3, “Full Self-Driving Computer”). 2023 (HW4). In development as of 2026 (AI5 / HW5).
How it relates to the others
HW-series silicon is the substrate that runs Autopilot, FSD, and the planned Optimus on-device perception and action stack. Tesla has stated that AI5 (the next generation) will be shared between vehicles and Optimus, which is the explicit architectural overlap between AI / Software and Robotics.
Tesla Dojo and the D1 chip
What it is
Tesla's in-house AI training supercomputer, built around the Tesla-designed D1 chip (TSMC 7 nm; 50 billion transistors; 645 mm² die; 354 cores per chip; 376 TFLOPS at BF16/CFloat8). Per the Wikipedia summary, Dojo was first mentioned in April 2019, officially announced at Tesla AI Day on August 19, 2021, and went into production use in July 2023 alongside a separate cluster of 10,000 Nvidia H100 GPUs. Bloomberg News reported in August 2025 that the Dojo project had been disbanded; Musk announced it would be restarted in January 2026 with a new chip iteration. Most of Tesla's FSD-network training in 2024-25 ran on Nvidia clusters rather than on Dojo proper.
When it shipped
August 2021 (announcement at AI Day). July 2023 (production). August 2025 (project reported disbanded by Bloomberg). January 2026 (Musk-announced restart with a new chip iteration).
How it relates to the others
Dojo and Tesla's Nvidia GPU clusters train the neural networks that run on the HW-series in-vehicle silicon as Autopilot, FSD, and (planned) Optimus on-device perception. The D1 chip is the Tesla-designed training-side analogue to the HW-series inference-side chips. Cross-link from any future xAI or NVIDIA pages that intersect the Musk-AI-strategy story.
Category 4 · Robotics · Announced August 2021
Robotics
Optimus
What it is
A general-purpose humanoid robot under development by Tesla. Per the Wikipedia summary, Optimus was announced at the Tesla AI Day event on August 19, 2021 under the name “Tesla Bot” and was renamed Optimus in 2022. The robot is planned to measure 5'8″ (173 cm) and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). Semi-functional prototypes were shown at AI Day 2022 (September 2022); Generation 2 was demonstrated in December 2023; Optimus was featured at the “We, Robot” event in October 2024 (where critics observed the demonstrations relied on teleoperation); Optimus v2.3 was shown publicly in London (December 13, 2025) and Berlin (December 20, 2025). In the Q1 2026 Tesla earnings call on April 22, 2026, Musk said that first-generation Optimus production lines are being installed at Fremont (designed for 1 million robots per year) with second-generation production-line capacity at Gigafactory Texas targeting 10 million robots per year starting in 2027. Mungomash treats “in production-line installation” as the honest current state; volume production has not started.
When it shipped
Not yet at customer-scale volume. Announcement: August 2021. Generation 2 demonstration: December 2023. “We, Robot” public event: October 2024. Public Optimus v2.3 demos in Europe: December 2025. First-generation production lines being installed: as of Q1 2026.
How it relates to the others
Tesla has framed Optimus as sharing the Autopilot AI substrate from the start — per the 2021 AI Day, Optimus is “controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars.” Musk has stated that AI5 (the next-generation HW chip; see HW-series silicon) will run on both vehicles and Optimus. The shared training compute is Dojo + Tesla's Nvidia GPU clusters. The shared manufacturing footprint is the Tesla gigafactory build-out: Optimus is intended to be built on production lines colocated with vehicle production.
Category 5 · Services / Infrastructure · Supercharger network since September 2012
Services and Infrastructure
Tesla's third reportable segment (Services and other) bundles the Supercharger charging network, Tesla Insurance, vehicle service operations (service centers, Mobile Service), and the Tesla App. Of these, the Supercharger network is the architecturally distinctive surface: Tesla owns and operates the largest DC-fast-charging network in North America and most of the rest of the world, and Tesla open-spec'd its proprietary connector as the SAE J3400 NACS standard in November 2022 (formalized by SAE in 2023), which most other North-American EV makers adopted between May 2023 and February 2024.
Supercharger network
What it is
A network of DC-fast-charging stations owned and operated by Tesla. Per the Wikipedia summary, the network launched on September 24, 2012 alongside the Tesla Model S, with six stations in California; as of November 2025, Tesla operates approximately 7,900 Supercharger stations and over 75,000 connectors worldwide. V3 stalls deliver up to ~250 kW; V4 stalls deliver up to 500 kW at select sites that are fully end-to-end V4. Billing is typically by energy consumed, with idle fees and congestion fees to deter loitering and over-80% occupation.
When it shipped
September 24, 2012 (network launch).
How it relates to the others
The Supercharger network is the operational complement to the Vehicles line: every Tesla ships with a Supercharger account, and the network has been the company's principal answer to range-anxiety concerns since the Model S launch. Megapacks have been installed at Supercharger stations with solar canopies to smooth grid demand and store off-peak energy — the operational link between the Energy and Services categories. NACS adoption since 2023 (see below) has opened the network to non-Tesla EVs, which is also the operational link to the rest of the North-American auto industry.
NACS / SAE J3400 open charging standard
What it is
The North American Charging Standard, an EV charging connector originally developed by Tesla for the Model S in 2012 and opened to the rest of the industry in November 2022. Per the Wikipedia summary, SAE International announced standardization plans on June 27, 2023, published the technical-information report on December 18, 2023, and published the “recommended practice” on September 30, 2024 with NACS redefined as the “North American Charging System.” Between May 2023 and February 2024, most major automakers selling EVs in North America committed to adopt NACS for the 2025 model year. Confirmed-public adopter list: Ford (May 2023, the first), General Motors, Rivian, Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, Honda, BMW Group, Hyundai/Kia, Toyota, Subaru, Lucid, Stellantis, Jaguar Land Rover, Mazda, Polestar; charging-network adopters include EVgo, ChargePoint, Electrify America, Blink Charging, FLO, BC Hydro, FreeWire Technologies (verify the full current adopter list at next refresh). On February 29, 2024, Tesla opened more than 15,000 Supercharger stalls to Ford owners.
When it shipped
Physical-connector lineage: 2012 (Model S). Open-spec'd as NACS: November 2022. SAE J3400 published: 2023. Industry-wide adoption committed: May 2023 – February 2024. First non-Tesla automaker (Ford) physical access to Supercharger: February 29, 2024.
How it relates to the others
NACS is the connector standard that the Supercharger network deploys; the two products are tightly coupled commercially (NACS adoption is what gives non-Tesla EVs access to the Supercharger network, and access to the Supercharger network is the primary commercial reason most other automakers adopted NACS). NACS shipped on every Tesla vehicle since 2012 and is therefore the operational link between the Vehicles, Services, and Energy categories (Megapack-backed Supercharger stations).
Tesla Insurance and ancillary services
What it is
Tesla Insurance offers Tesla-branded auto insurance in a growing list of US states, with pricing partly informed by per-vehicle telematics data (the “Safety Score”). Service centers and Mobile Service provide warranty and out-of-warranty vehicle service. The Tesla App is the unified mobile control surface for vehicles, Powerwall / Megapack / Solar systems, and account management. Per the FY2025 10-K, these surfaces collectively make up Tesla's “Services and other” revenue segment along with used-vehicle sales, merchandise, and parts.
When it shipped
Tesla Insurance has been generally available in California since 2019 and has expanded to additional US states since. The Tesla App, service centers, and Mobile Service have been continuous offerings as long as the vehicles themselves.
How it relates to the others
Tesla Insurance prices partially on vehicle-telematics data, which is generated by the Autopilot / FSD stack and uploaded to Tesla's training pipeline — the same data substrate Dojo and the Nvidia clusters use for FSD network training. The Tesla App is the unified customer-side control surface for products across the Vehicle, Energy, and Charging categories.
All products at a glance
Major products across all five categories, in chronological order of first shipment. “Key technical concept” is the one-phrase mental model for each product. The table is server-rendered HTML; rows link to the per-product sub-section above.
| Product | Category | Launched | Current state | Primary segment | Key technical concept |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supercharger network | Infrastructure | Sept 2012 | ~7,900 stations / 75K+ stalls worldwide | Services and other | DC-fast-charging network; V3 ~250 kW, V4 up to 500 kW |
| Model S | Vehicles | June 2012 | Production ended April 2026 | Automotive | Full-size sedan; Plaid tri-motor trim; aluminum-intensive body |
| Autopilot | AI / Software | 2014 | Standard on every Tesla; updated through HW3/HW4 | Automotive (option/included) | SAE Level 2 driver-assistance; autosteer + traffic-aware cruise |
| Powerwall | Energy | 2015 | Powerwall 3 (Sept 2023); 1M units installed by 2025 | Energy generation and storage | Residential lithium-ion storage; integrated solar inverter in PW3 |
| Model X | Vehicles | Sept 2015 | Production ended 2026 | Automotive | Mid-size crossover SUV; falcon-wing doors |
| Solar Roof | Energy | 2016 | Active product; sold direct via tesla.com | Energy generation and storage | Integrated PV shingles replacing the roof itself |
| Model 3 | Vehicles | 2017 | Highland refresh shipping (2023–24) | Automotive | Mid-size sedan; Tesla's first volume product |
| Megapack | Energy | July 2019 | Megapack 3 / Megablock announced 2025 | Energy generation and storage | Container-scale grid-storage; LFP cells; 3.9–5 MWh per unit |
| Full Self-Driving (Supervised) | AI / Software | 2020 | v12 end-to-end NN (2024); ongoing version rollout | Automotive (option) | Level 2 ADAS w/ semi-autonomous nav, self-park, summon |
| Model Y | Vehicles | Jan 2020 | Juniper refresh (Jan 2025); Model Y L (mid-2025) | Automotive | Compact crossover SUV; best-selling EV of all time |
| Optimus | Robotics | 2021 | Production lines being installed (Q1 2026) | Not yet a segment | Humanoid robot; planned to share AI substrate with vehicles |
| Dojo + D1 | AI / Software | 2021/2023 | Restarted January 2026 (per Musk) after Aug 2025 pause | Internal training compute | In-house training supercomputer w/ Tesla-designed D1 chip |
| NACS / SAE J3400 | Infrastructure | Nov 2022 | SAE-standardized (2023); industry-wide adoption (2024) | Services and other | Open EV charging-connector standard; replaces CCS1 in NA |
| Semi | Vehicles | 2022 | Volume production April 29, 2026 (Giga Nevada) | Automotive | Class 8 BEV truck; three motors; 325 / 500-mile rated |
| Cybertruck | Vehicles | Nov 2023 | Cyberbeast + AWD trims; 800V architecture | Automotive | Full-size pickup; stainless-steel exoskeleton; steer-by-wire |
| Cybercab | Vehicles | Feb 2026 | Pre-volume production at Gigafactory Texas; road testing | Automotive (planned Robotaxi service) | Two-passenger no-controls Robotaxi; inductive charging |
| Roadster (next gen) | Vehicles | in dev | In development; Musk targets 2027/2028 (Nov 2025 framing) | Automotive | Four-seater sports car; claimed 0–60 mph in 1.9 s (concept) |
Launch dates and current-state framings are sourced to the FY2025 10-K business section (filed 2026-01-29), Tesla quarterly earnings commentary on ir.tesla.com, and contemporaneous reporting linked inline in the per-product sub-sections above. Where a Tesla.com product page is the canonical source for current pricing or version state, the sub-section says so; tesla.com pages are linked but not parsed by the build pipeline due to an Akamai challenge that prevents automated retrieval.
Read these primary sources
Most of the page's content is paraphrased from the URLs below. They are the authoritative places to read Tesla's own product framing, the canonical multi-category description from the most recent SEC 10-K business section, the quarterly earnings updates where production-ramp and capacity-target commentary lives, and the AI Day / product-event archives where the Optimus, Dojo, and Cybercab disclosures originated.
Tesla's own product surfaces
Per-product pages on tesla.com are the canonical source for each product's company-side framing, current specifications, and current pricing. These pages are protected by an Akamai challenge that prevents automated retrieval; the build pipeline links to them but does not parse them.
# Vehicles
https://www.tesla.com/models
https://www.tesla.com/modelx
https://www.tesla.com/model3
https://www.tesla.com/modely
https://www.tesla.com/semi
https://www.tesla.com/cybertruck
https://www.tesla.com/cybercab
https://www.tesla.com/roadster
# Energy
https://www.tesla.com/powerwall
https://www.tesla.com/megapack
https://www.tesla.com/solarroof
https://www.tesla.com/solarpanels
# AI / Software
https://www.tesla.com/autopilot
https://www.tesla.com/AI
# Robotics
https://www.tesla.com/AI # Optimus framing lives under the AI page surface
# Infrastructure
https://www.tesla.com/support/charging
https://www.tesla.com/superchargerSEC filings — canonical product-line description
The FY2025 10-K business section is the canonical multi-category description of Tesla's product line. The 10-K’s segment reporting splits revenue into Automotive, Energy generation and storage, and Services and other.
# Most recent 10-K (FY2025, filed 2026-01-29) — business section
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000162828026003952/tsla-20251231.htm
# 10-K/A amendment (filed 2026-04-30)
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000110465926053166/0001104659-26-053166-index.htm
# Tesla on EDGAR — full filing history
https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001318605
# EDGAR submissions JSON — programmatic filing index
https://data.sec.gov/submissions/CIK0001318605.jsonInvestor relations and AI / product events
Where Tesla's quarterly update letters live, where production-ramp commentary is discussed, and where the AI Day / “We, Robot” product-event presentations are archived. Optimus, Dojo, and Cybercab disclosures originated at these events.
# Tesla Investor Relations — SEC filings, earnings, events
https://ir.tesla.com/
# Tesla Press — product-launch blog posts
https://www.tesla.com/blog
# SAE J3400 standard — the NACS open spec
https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3400/Methodology: this page describes Tesla's product portfolio across Vehicles, Energy generation and storage, AI / Software, Robotics, and Services / Infrastructure. The primary source for each category and the canonical multi-category split is the FY2025 10-K business section (filed 2026-01-29, period 2025-12-31). Per-product framing is taken from Tesla's own product pages on tesla.com, the company's quarterly earnings commentary on ir.tesla.com, and the AI Day / product-event presentations referenced inline. Tesla operates on a calendar-year fiscal year ending December 31. Tesla's product line is primarily B2C (Vehicles, Powerwall, Solar Roof, Solar Panels, Tesla Insurance) with B2B / utility-segment surfaces in Megapack and the Supercharger network. This page is an internal-product explainer, not a competitive-comparison or safety-evaluation page; FSD safety editorial, NHTSA regulatory commentary, and competitive framing against Rivian, Lucid, BYD, Waymo, Fluence, Boston Dynamics, Electrify America, etc. are out of scope. Last updated May 2026.
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